The Doctrine of Justification: T. C. Chao in Dialogue with Karl Barth

This research compares the doctrines of justification articulated by the Chinese theologian T.C. Chao and the Swiss theologian Karl Barth within their contextual backgrounds. After examining the development of each theologian’s doctrine of justification, the study undertakes a comparison of their most mature forms. The central research question is: What are the similarities and differences between T.C. Chao’s doctrine of justification and that of Karl Barth? Through an exploration of four essential aspects of the Protestant doctrine of justification—Grace alone, Christ alone, Faith alone, and the relationship between justification and sanctification—the comparative analysis demonstrates that Barth’s concept of the covenantal relationship between God and humanity, grounded in the revelation of Jesus Christ, enables a more comprehensive doctrine of justification, addressing both its objective and subjective dimensions adequately. If this argument is sustainable, it suggests additional areas where Chinese Christians might benefit from engaging with Barth’s theological work.